Where to go next

Compose harder pipelines

If you want multi-step modules with branching control flow, the Modules: composing your own guide picks up where Section 7 left off.

Building richer metrics

Our haiku metric was intentionally simple. Programs usually need composite scores that blend syntax checks, semantic similarity, and/or LLM-as-judge rubrics. The Metrics: designing and composing guide walks through weighting sub-scores, preventing keyword-stuffing, and validating that your metric truly captures what you care about before you let an optimizer chase it.

Go deeper on GEPA

The GEPA in depth guide covers Pareto sampling, per-predictor feedback, auto budget translation, and the detailed_results audit trail.

Try a different optimizer

If GEPA didn’t fit your task, the Optimizers: choosing one guide walks through when to reach for BootstrapFewShot, MIPROv2, BootstrapFinetune, and the rest.

Debug a run

Calls and traces are inspectable with dspy.inspect_history() and callbacks — see the Observability and debugging guide.

Serve in production

Programs can be made async, streamed, and parallelized. The Async, streaming, and parallel guide covers the surface.