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dspy.Predict

dspy.Predict(signature, callbacks=None, **config)

Bases: Module, Parameter

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def __init__(self, signature, callbacks=None, **config):
    self.stage = random.randbytes(8).hex()
    self.signature = ensure_signature(signature)
    self.config = config
    self.callbacks = callbacks or []
    self.reset()

Functions

__call__(**kwargs)

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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@with_callbacks
def __call__(self, **kwargs):
    return self.forward(**kwargs)

batch(examples, num_threads: Optional[int] = None, max_errors: int = 10, return_failed_examples: bool = False, provide_traceback: Optional[bool] = None, disable_progress_bar: bool = False)

Processes a list of dspy.Example instances in parallel using the Parallel module.

:param examples: List of dspy.Example instances to process. :param num_threads: Number of threads to use for parallel processing. :param max_errors: Maximum number of errors allowed before stopping execution. :param return_failed_examples: Whether to return failed examples and exceptions. :param provide_traceback: Whether to include traceback information in error logs. :return: List of results, and optionally failed examples and exceptions.

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def batch(
    self,
    examples,
    num_threads: Optional[int] = None,
    max_errors: int = 10,
    return_failed_examples: bool = False,
    provide_traceback: Optional[bool] = None,
    disable_progress_bar: bool = False,
):
    """
    Processes a list of dspy.Example instances in parallel using the Parallel module.

    :param examples: List of dspy.Example instances to process.
    :param num_threads: Number of threads to use for parallel processing.
    :param max_errors: Maximum number of errors allowed before stopping execution.
    :param return_failed_examples: Whether to return failed examples and exceptions.
    :param provide_traceback: Whether to include traceback information in error logs.
    :return: List of results, and optionally failed examples and exceptions.
    """
    # Create a list of execution pairs (self, example)
    exec_pairs = [(self, example.inputs()) for example in examples]

    # Create an instance of Parallel
    parallel_executor = Parallel(
        num_threads=num_threads,
        max_errors=max_errors,
        return_failed_examples=return_failed_examples,
        provide_traceback=provide_traceback,
        disable_progress_bar=disable_progress_bar,
    )

    # Execute the forward method of Parallel
    if return_failed_examples:
        results, failed_examples, exceptions = parallel_executor.forward(exec_pairs)
        return results, failed_examples, exceptions
    else:
        results = parallel_executor.forward(exec_pairs)
        return results

deepcopy()

Deep copy the module.

This is a tweak to the default python deepcopy that only deep copies self.parameters(), and for other attributes, we just do the shallow copy.

Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def deepcopy(self):
    """Deep copy the module.

    This is a tweak to the default python deepcopy that only deep copies `self.parameters()`, and for other
    attributes, we just do the shallow copy.
    """
    try:
        # If the instance itself is copyable, we can just deep copy it.
        # Otherwise we will have to create a new instance and copy over the attributes one by one.
        return copy.deepcopy(self)
    except Exception:
        pass

    # Create an empty instance.
    new_instance = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
    # Set attribuetes of the copied instance.
    for attr, value in self.__dict__.items():
        if isinstance(value, BaseModule):
            setattr(new_instance, attr, value.deepcopy())
        else:
            try:
                # Try to deep copy the attribute
                setattr(new_instance, attr, copy.deepcopy(value))
            except Exception:
                logging.warning(
                    f"Failed to deep copy attribute '{attr}' of {self.__class__.__name__}, "
                    "falling back to shallow copy or reference copy."
                )
                try:
                    # Fallback to shallow copy if deep copy fails
                    setattr(new_instance, attr, copy.copy(value))
                except Exception:
                    # If even the shallow copy fails, we just copy over the reference.
                    setattr(new_instance, attr, value)

    return new_instance

dump_state()

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def dump_state(self):
    state_keys = ["traces", "train"]
    state = {k: getattr(self, k) for k in state_keys}

    state["demos"] = []
    for demo in self.demos:
        demo = demo.copy()

        for field in demo:
            # FIXME: Saving BaseModels as strings in examples doesn't matter because you never re-access as an object
            demo[field] = serialize_object(demo[field])

        state["demos"].append(demo)

    state["signature"] = self.signature.dump_state()
    state["lm"] = self.lm.dump_state() if self.lm else None
    return state

forward(**kwargs)

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def forward(self, **kwargs):
    # Extract the three privileged keyword arguments.
    assert "new_signature" not in kwargs, "new_signature is no longer a valid keyword argument."
    signature = ensure_signature(kwargs.pop("signature", self.signature))
    demos = kwargs.pop("demos", self.demos)
    config = dict(**self.config, **kwargs.pop("config", {}))

    # Get the right LM to use.
    lm = kwargs.pop("lm", self.lm) or settings.lm
    assert isinstance(lm, BaseLM), "No LM is loaded."

    # If temperature is unset or <=0.15, and n > 1, set temperature to 0.7 to keep randomness.
    temperature = config.get("temperature") or lm.kwargs.get("temperature")
    num_generations = config.get("n") or lm.kwargs.get("n") or lm.kwargs.get("num_generations") or 1

    if (temperature is None or temperature <= 0.15) and num_generations > 1:
        config["temperature"] = 0.7

    if not all(k in kwargs for k in signature.input_fields):
        present = [k for k in signature.input_fields if k in kwargs]
        missing = [k for k in signature.input_fields if k not in kwargs]
        logger.warning(
            "Not all input fields were provided to module. Present: %s. Missing: %s.",
            present,
            missing,
        )

    adapter = settings.adapter or ChatAdapter()

    stream_listeners = settings.stream_listeners or []
    stream = settings.send_stream is not None
    if stream and len(stream_listeners) > 0:
        stream = any(stream_listener.predict == self for stream_listener in stream_listeners)

    if stream:
        with settings.context(caller_predict=self):
            completions = adapter(lm, lm_kwargs=config, signature=signature, demos=demos, inputs=kwargs)
    else:
        with settings.context(send_stream=None):
            completions = adapter(lm, lm_kwargs=config, signature=signature, demos=demos, inputs=kwargs)

    pred = Prediction.from_completions(completions, signature=signature)

    if kwargs.pop("_trace", True) and settings.trace is not None:
        trace = settings.trace
        trace.append((self, {**kwargs}, pred))

    return pred

get_config()

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def get_config(self):
    return self.config

get_lm()

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def get_lm(self):
    all_used_lms = [param.lm for _, param in self.named_predictors()]

    if len(set(all_used_lms)) == 1:
        return all_used_lms[0]

    raise ValueError("Multiple LMs are being used in the module. There's no unique LM to return.")

load(path)

Load the saved module. You may also want to check out dspy.load, if you want to load an entire program, not just the state for an existing program.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
path str

Path to the saved state file, which should be a .json or a .pkl file

 required
Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def load(self, path):
    """Load the saved module. You may also want to check out dspy.load, if you want to
    load an entire program, not just the state for an existing program.

    Args:
        path (str): Path to the saved state file, which should be a .json or a .pkl file
    """
    path = Path(path)

    if path.suffix == ".json":
        with open(path, "r") as f:
            state = ujson.loads(f.read())
    elif path.suffix == ".pkl":
        with open(path, "rb") as f:
            state = cloudpickle.load(f)
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"`path` must end with `.json` or `.pkl`, but received: {path}")

    dependency_versions = get_dependency_versions()
    saved_dependency_versions = state["metadata"]["dependency_versions"]
    for key, saved_version in saved_dependency_versions.items():
        if dependency_versions[key] != saved_version:
            logger.warning(
                f"There is a mismatch of {key} version between saved model and current environment. "
                f"You saved with `{key}=={saved_version}`, but now you have "
                f"`{key}=={dependency_versions[key]}`. This might cause errors or performance downgrade "
                "on the loaded model, please consider loading the model in the same environment as the "
                "saving environment."
            )
    self.load_state(state)

load_state(state)

Load the saved state of a Predict object.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
state dict

The saved state of a Predict object.

 required

Returns:

Name Type Description
self

Returns self to allow method chaining
Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def load_state(self, state):
    """Load the saved state of a `Predict` object.

    Args:
        state (dict): The saved state of a `Predict` object.

    Returns:
        self: Returns self to allow method chaining
    """
    excluded_keys = ["signature", "extended_signature", "lm"]
    for name, value in state.items():
        # `excluded_keys` are fields that go through special handling.
        if name not in excluded_keys:
            setattr(self, name, value)

    self.signature = self.signature.load_state(state["signature"])
    self.lm = LM(**state["lm"]) if state["lm"] else None

    if "extended_signature" in state:  # legacy, up to and including 2.5, for CoT.
        raise NotImplementedError("Loading extended_signature is no longer supported in DSPy 2.6+")

    return self

map_named_predictors(func)

Applies a function to all named predictors.

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def map_named_predictors(self, func):
    """Applies a function to all named predictors."""
    for name, predictor in self.named_predictors():
        set_attribute_by_name(self, name, func(predictor))
    return self

named_parameters()

Unlike PyTorch, handles (non-recursive) lists of parameters too.

Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def named_parameters(self):
    """
    Unlike PyTorch, handles (non-recursive) lists of parameters too.
    """

    import dspy
    from dspy.predict.parameter import Parameter

    visited = set()
    named_parameters = []

    def add_parameter(param_name, param_value):
        if isinstance(param_value, Parameter):
            if id(param_value) not in visited:
                visited.add(id(param_value))
                param_name = postprocess_parameter_name(param_name, param_value)
                named_parameters.append((param_name, param_value))

        elif isinstance(param_value, dspy.Module):
            # When a sub-module is pre-compiled, keep it frozen.
            if not getattr(param_value, "_compiled", False):
                for sub_name, param in param_value.named_parameters():
                    add_parameter(f"{param_name}.{sub_name}", param)

    if isinstance(self, Parameter):
        add_parameter("self", self)

    for name, value in self.__dict__.items():
        if isinstance(value, Parameter):
            add_parameter(name, value)

        elif isinstance(value, dspy.Module):
            # When a sub-module is pre-compiled, keep it frozen.
            if not getattr(value, "_compiled", False):
                for sub_name, param in value.named_parameters():
                    add_parameter(f"{name}.{sub_name}", param)

        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            for idx, item in enumerate(value):
                add_parameter(f"{name}[{idx}]", item)

        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            for key, item in value.items():
                add_parameter(f"{name}['{key}']", item)

    return named_parameters

named_predictors()

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def named_predictors(self):
    from dspy.predict.predict import Predict

    return [(name, param) for name, param in self.named_parameters() if isinstance(param, Predict)]

named_sub_modules(type_=None, skip_compiled=False) -> Generator[tuple[str, BaseModule], None, None]

Find all sub-modules in the module, as well as their names.

Say self.children[4]['key'].sub_module is a sub-module. Then the name will be 'children[4][key].sub_module'. But if the sub-module is accessible at different paths, only one of the paths will be returned.

Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def named_sub_modules(self, type_=None, skip_compiled=False) -> Generator[tuple[str, "BaseModule"], None, None]:
    """Find all sub-modules in the module, as well as their names.

    Say self.children[4]['key'].sub_module is a sub-module. Then the name will be
    'children[4][key].sub_module'. But if the sub-module is accessible at different
    paths, only one of the paths will be returned.
    """
    if type_ is None:
        type_ = BaseModule

    queue = deque([("self", self)])
    seen = {id(self)}

    def add_to_queue(name, item):
        name = postprocess_parameter_name(name, item)

        if id(item) not in seen:
            seen.add(id(item))
            queue.append((name, item))

    while queue:
        name, item = queue.popleft()

        if isinstance(item, type_):
            yield name, item

        if isinstance(item, BaseModule):
            if skip_compiled and getattr(item, "_compiled", False):
                continue
            for sub_name, sub_item in item.__dict__.items():
                add_to_queue(f"{name}.{sub_name}", sub_item)

        elif isinstance(item, (list, tuple)):
            for i, sub_item in enumerate(item):
                add_to_queue(f"{name}[{i}]", sub_item)

        elif isinstance(item, dict):
            for key, sub_item in item.items():
                add_to_queue(f"{name}[{key}]", sub_item)

parameters()

Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def parameters(self):
    return [param for _, param in self.named_parameters()]

predictors()

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def predictors(self):
    return [param for _, param in self.named_predictors()]

reset()

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def reset(self):
    self.lm = None
    self.traces = []
    self.train = []
    self.demos = []

reset_copy()

Deep copy the module and reset all parameters.

Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def reset_copy(self):
    """Deep copy the module and reset all parameters."""
    new_instance = self.deepcopy()

    for param in new_instance.parameters():
        param.reset()

    return new_instance

save(path, save_program=False)

Save the module.

Save the module to a directory or a file. There are two modes: - save_program=False: Save only the state of the module to a json or pickle file, based on the value of the file extension. - save_program=True: Save the whole module to a directory via cloudpickle, which contains both the state and architecture of the model.

We also save the dependency versions, so that the loaded model can check if there is a version mismatch on critical dependencies or DSPy version.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
path str

Path to the saved state file, which should be a .json or .pkl file when save_program=False, and a directory when save_program=True.

 required
save_program bool

If True, save the whole module to a directory via cloudpickle, otherwise only save the state.

 False
Source code in dspy/primitives/module.py 
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def save(self, path, save_program=False):
    """Save the module.

    Save the module to a directory or a file. There are two modes:
    - `save_program=False`: Save only the state of the module to a json or pickle file, based on the value of
        the file extension.
    - `save_program=True`: Save the whole module to a directory via cloudpickle, which contains both the state and
        architecture of the model.

    We also save the dependency versions, so that the loaded model can check if there is a version mismatch on
    critical dependencies or DSPy version.

    Args:
        path (str): Path to the saved state file, which should be a .json or .pkl file when `save_program=False`,
            and a directory when `save_program=True`.
        save_program (bool): If True, save the whole module to a directory via cloudpickle, otherwise only save
            the state.
    """
    metadata = {}
    metadata["dependency_versions"] = get_dependency_versions()
    path = Path(path)

    if save_program:
        if path.suffix:
            raise ValueError(
                f"`path` must point to a directory without a suffix when `save_program=True`, but received: {path}"
            )
        if path.exists() and not path.is_dir():
            raise NotADirectoryError(f"The path '{path}' exists but is not a directory.")

        if not path.exists():
            # Create the directory (and any parent directories)
            path.mkdir(parents=True)

        try:
            with open(path / "program.pkl", "wb") as f:
                cloudpickle.dump(self, f)
        except Exception as e:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Saving failed with error: {e}. Please remove the non-picklable attributes from your DSPy program, "
                "or consider using state-only saving by setting `save_program=False`."
            )
        with open(path / "metadata.json", "w") as f:
            ujson.dump(metadata, f, indent=2)

        return

    state = self.dump_state()
    state["metadata"] = metadata
    if path.suffix == ".json":
        try:
            with open(path, "w") as f:
                f.write(ujson.dumps(state, indent=2))
        except Exception as e:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Failed to save state to {path} with error: {e}. Your DSPy program may contain non "
                "json-serializable objects, please consider saving the state in .pkl by using `path` ending "
                "with `.pkl`, or saving the whole program by setting `save_program=True`."
            )
    elif path.suffix == ".pkl":
        with open(path, "wb") as f:
            cloudpickle.dump(state, f)
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"`path` must end with `.json` or `.pkl` when `save_program=False`, but received: {path}")

set_lm(lm)

Source code in dspy/primitives/program.py 
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def set_lm(self, lm):
    for _, param in self.named_predictors():
        param.lm = lm

update_config(**kwargs)

Source code in dspy/predict/predict.py 
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def update_config(self, **kwargs):
    self.config = {**self.config, **kwargs}