# DSPy

> The framework for programming—rather than prompting—language models.

DSPy is the framework for programming—rather than prompting—language models. DSPy unifies techniques for prompting, fine-tuning, reasoning, tool use, and evaluation of LMs. It provides a systematic approach to building AI applications through composable modules,  optimization techniques, and evaluation frameworks.


## Get Started

- [Get Started](https://dspy.ai/index.md): DSPy overview and quick start guide

## Learn DSPy - Learning DSPy

- [Learning DSPy](https://dspy.ai/learn/index.md): Three stages of building AI systems - programming, evaluation, and optimization

## Learn DSPy - DSPy Programming

- [DSPy Assertions](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/7-assertions/index.md)
- [Adapters](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/adapters/index.md)
- [Language Models](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/language_models/index.md)
- [MCP](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/mcp/index.md)
- [Modules](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/modules/index.md)
- [Programming Overview](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/overview/index.md)
- [Signatures](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/signatures/index.md)
- [Tools](https://dspy.ai/learn/programming/tools/index.md)

## Learn DSPy - DSPy Evaluation

- [Data Handling](https://dspy.ai/learn/evaluation/data/index.md)
- [Metrics](https://dspy.ai/learn/evaluation/metrics/index.md)
- [Evaluation Overview](https://dspy.ai/learn/evaluation/overview/index.md)

## Learn DSPy - DSPy Optimization

- [Optimizers](https://dspy.ai/learn/optimization/optimizers/index.md)
- [Optimization Overview](https://dspy.ai/learn/optimization/overview/index.md)

## Tutorials - Docs

- [Tutorials Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/index.md)
- [Building a Creative Text-Based AI Game](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/ai_text_game/index.md)
- [Async](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/async/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/build_ai_program/index.md)
- [Cache](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/cache/index.md)
- [Classification](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/classification/index.md)
- [Managing Conversation History](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/conversation_history/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/core_development/index.md)
- [Deployment](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/deployment/index.md)
- [Email Information Extraction](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/gepa_ai_program/index.md)
- [Generating llms.txt](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/llms_txt_generation/index.md)
- [Use MCP in DSPy](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/mcp/index.md)
- [Memory-Enabled ReAct Agents](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/mem0_react_agent/index.md)
- [Debugging & Observability](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/observability/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/optimize_ai_program/index.md)
- [Tracking DSPy Optimizers](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/optimizer_tracking/index.md)
- [Output Refinement](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/output_refinement/best-of-n-and-refine/index.md)
- [Privacy-Conscious Delegation](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/papillon/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/real_world_examples/index.md)
- [Overview](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/rl_ai_program/index.md)
- [Code Generation for Unfamiliar Libraries](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md)
- [Saving and Loading](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/saving/index.md)
- [Streaming](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/streaming/index.md)
- [Financial Analysis with Yahoo Finance](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/yahoo_finance_react/index.md)

## Tutorials - Notebooks

- [Building RAG as Agent](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/agents/index.md)
- [Audio](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/audio/index.md)
- [Classification Finetuning](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/classification_finetuning/index.md)
- [Building AI Applications by Customizing DSPy Modules](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/custom_module/index.md)
- [Building AI Agents with DSPy](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/customer_service_agent/index.md)
- [Entity Extraction](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/entity_extraction/index.md)
- [Finetuning Agents](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/games/index.md)
- [GEPA for AIME (Math)](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/gepa_aime/index.md)
- [GEPA for Structured Information Extraction for Enterprise Tasks](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/gepa_facilitysupportanalyzer/index.md)
- [GEPA for Privacy-Conscious Delegation](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/gepa_papillon/index.md)
- [GEPA for Code Backdoor Classification (AI control)](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/gepa_trusted_monitor/index.md)
- [Image Generation Prompt iteration](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/image_generation_prompting/index.md)
- [Math Reasoning](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/math/index.md)
- [Multi-Hop RAG](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/multihop_search/index.md)
- [Program Of Thought](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/program_of_thought/index.md)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/rag/index.md)
- [RL for Multi-Hop Research](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/rl_multihop/index.md)
- [RL for Privacy-Conscious Delegation](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/rl_papillon/index.md)
- [Advanced Tool Use](https://dspy.ai/tutorials/tool_use/index.md)

## Community

- [Community Ports](https://dspy.ai/community/community-ports/index.md)
- [Community Resources](https://dspy.ai/community/community-resources/index.md)
- [Contributing](https://dspy.ai/community/how-to-contribute/index.md)
- [Use Cases](https://dspy.ai/community/use-cases/index.md)

## FAQ

- [FAQ](https://dspy.ai/faqs/index.md): Common questions on DSPy usage, comparisons, optimization, and debugging
- [Cheatsheet](https://dspy.ai/cheatsheet/index.md): DSPy cheatsheet for quick reference

## API Reference

- [API Reference](https://dspy.ai/api/index.md)
- [Adapter](https://dspy.ai/api/adapters/Adapter/index.md)
- [ChatAdapter](https://dspy.ai/api/adapters/ChatAdapter/index.md)
- [JSONAdapter](https://dspy.ai/api/adapters/JSONAdapter/index.md)
- [TwoStepAdapter](https://dspy.ai/api/adapters/TwoStepAdapter/index.md)
- [XMLAdapter](https://dspy.ai/api/adapters/XMLAdapter/index.md)
- [CompleteAndGrounded](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/CompleteAndGrounded/index.md)
- [Evaluate](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/Evaluate/index.md)
- [EvaluationResult](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/EvaluationResult/index.md)
- [SemanticF1](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/SemanticF1/index.md)
- [answer_exact_match](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/answer_exact_match/index.md)
- [answer_passage_match](https://dspy.ai/api/evaluation/answer_passage_match/index.md)
- [Citations](https://dspy.ai/api/experimental/Citations/index.md)
- [Document](https://dspy.ai/api/experimental/Document/index.md)
- [Embedder](https://dspy.ai/api/models/Embedder/index.md)
- [LM](https://dspy.ai/api/models/LM/index.md)
- [BestOfN](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/BestOfN/index.md)
- [ChainOfThought](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/ChainOfThought/index.md)
- [CodeAct](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/CodeAct/index.md)
- [Module](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/Module/index.md)
- [MultiChainComparison](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/MultiChainComparison/index.md)
- [Parallel](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/Parallel/index.md)
- [Predict](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/Predict/index.md)
- [ProgramOfThought](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/ProgramOfThought/index.md)
- [RLM](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/RLM/index.md)
- [ReAct](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/ReAct/index.md)
- [Refine](https://dspy.ai/api/modules/Refine/index.md)
- [BetterTogether](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/BetterTogether/index.md)
- [BootstrapFewShot](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/BootstrapFewShot/index.md)
- [BootstrapFewShotWithRandomSearch](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/BootstrapFewShotWithRandomSearch/index.md)
- [BootstrapFinetune](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/BootstrapFinetune/index.md)
- [BootstrapRS](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/BootstrapRS/index.md)
- [COPRO](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/COPRO/index.md)
- [Ensemble](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/Ensemble/index.md)
- [InferRules](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/InferRules/index.md)
- [KNN](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/KNN/index.md)
- [KNNFewShot](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/KNNFewShot/index.md)
- [LabeledFewShot](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/LabeledFewShot/index.md)
- [MIPROv2](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/MIPROv2/index.md)
- [SIMBA](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/SIMBA/index.md)
- [2. GEPA Advanced](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/GEPA/GEPA_Advanced/index.md)
- [1. GEPA Overview](https://dspy.ai/api/optimizers/GEPA/overview/index.md)
- [Audio](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Audio/index.md)
- [Code](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Code/index.md)
- [Example](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Example/index.md)
- [History](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/History/index.md)
- [Image](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Image/index.md)
- [Prediction](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Prediction/index.md)
- [Tool](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/Tool/index.md)
- [ToolCalls](https://dspy.ai/api/primitives/ToolCalls/index.md)
- [InputField](https://dspy.ai/api/signatures/InputField/index.md)
- [OutputField](https://dspy.ai/api/signatures/OutputField/index.md)
- [Signature](https://dspy.ai/api/signatures/Signature/index.md)
- [ColBERTv2](https://dspy.ai/api/tools/ColBERTv2/index.md)
- [Embeddings](https://dspy.ai/api/tools/Embeddings/index.md)
- [PythonInterpreter](https://dspy.ai/api/tools/PythonInterpreter/index.md)
- [StatusMessage](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/StatusMessage/index.md)
- [StatusMessageProvider](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/StatusMessageProvider/index.md)
- [StreamListener](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/StreamListener/index.md)
- [asyncify](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/asyncify/index.md)
- [configure](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/configure/index.md)
- [configure_cache](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/configure_cache/index.md)
- [context](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/context/index.md)
- [disable_litellm_logging](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/disable_litellm_logging/index.md)
- [disable_logging](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/disable_logging/index.md)
- [enable_litellm_logging](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/enable_litellm_logging/index.md)
- [enable_logging](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/enable_logging/index.md)
- [inspect_history](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/inspect_history/index.md)
- [load](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/load/index.md)
- [streamify](https://dspy.ai/api/utils/streamify/index.md)